Cationic dyes yog cov xim tshwj xeeb rau polyacrylonitrile fiber ntau dyeing, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau dyeing ntawm hloov polyester (CDP).Niaj hnub no, kuv yuav qhia txog cov kev paub ntawm cationic dyes.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cationic dyes
1. Keeb kwm
Cationic dyes yog ib qho ntawm cov hluavtaws dyes ntxov tshaj plaws.Lub aniline violet synthesized los ntawm WHPerkin hauv Tebchaws Meskas hauv xyoo 1856 thiab tom qab siv lead ua violet thiab malachite ntsuab yog tag nrho cov cationic dyes.Cov dyes yav tas los hu ua cov xim yooj yim, uas tuaj yeem zas cov protein fibers thiab cellulose fibers kho nrog tannin thiab tartar.Lawv muaj cov xim ci, tab sis tsis yog lightfast, thiab tom qab ntawd tau tsim los ntawm cov dyes ncaj qha thiab vat dyes.thiab acid dyes.
Tom qab kev lag luam ntawm acrylic fibers nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1950, nws tau pom tias ntawm polyacrylonitrile fibers, cationic dyes tsis tsuas yog muaj siab ncaj thiab kaj xim, tab sis kuj muaj ntau dua xim ceev dua li cov protein fibers thiab cellulose fibers.ua kom neeg txaus siab.Txhawm rau txuas ntxiv mus rau daim ntawv thov ntawm acrylic fibers thiab lwm yam hluavtaws fibers, ntau yam tshiab nrog ceev ceev tau raug tsim, xws li polymethine qauv, nitrogen-hloov polymethine qauv thiab pernalactam qauv, thiab lwm yam, kom cationic dyes ua polyacrylonitrile.Ib chav kawm ntawm cov xim tseem ceeb rau fiber ntau dyeing.
2. Nta:
Cationic dyes tsim cov xim zoo nkauj ions hauv kev daws, thiab tsim cov ntsev nrog acid anions xws li chloride ion, acetate pawg, phosphate pawg, methyl sulfate pawg, thiab lwm yam, yog li dyeing polyacrylonitrile fibers.Hauv kev dyeing tiag tiag, ntau cov cationic dyes feem ntau yog siv los ua ib qho xim tshwj xeeb.Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib xyaw dyeing ntawm cationic dyes feem ntau nyuaj rau cov xim sib npaug rau tib lub teeb xim, uas ua rau mottled thiab txheej.Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov cationic dyes, ntxiv rau nthuav ntau yam thiab kom muaj nuj nqis, peb kuj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau qhov sib txuam ntawm ntau yam xim;Txhawm rau tiv thaiv dyeing, peb yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau kev txhim kho ntau yam nrog cov qib zoo, thiab tseem ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev txhim kho qhov nrawm nrawm ntawm cationic dyes.thiab lub teeb ceev ceev.
Qhov thib ob, kev faib cov cationic dyes
Cov pab pawg tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov cationic dye molecule txuas nrog cov kab ke sib txuas hauv ib txoj kev, thiab tom qab ntawd tsim cov ntsev nrog cov anionic pawg.Raws li txoj hauj lwm ntawm pawg neeg them nqi zoo nyob rau hauv lub conjugated system, cationic dyes yuav muab faib ua ob pawg: cais thiab conjugated.
1. cais cationic dyes
Kev cais cov cationic dye precursor thiab cov pab pawg neeg them nyiaj zoo tau txuas nrog los ntawm pawg cais, thiab cov nqi zoo yog nyob hauv zos, zoo ib yam li kev taw qhia ntawm pawg quaternary ammonium ntawm qhov kawg molecular ntawm disperse dyes.Nws tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no:
Vim lub concentration ntawm cov nqi zoo, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los ua ke nrog fibers, thiab dyeing feem pua thiab dyeing tus nqi kuj siab, tab sis lub levelness yog tsis zoo.Feem ntau, qhov ntxoov ntxoo yog tsaus, molar absorbance qis, thiab qhov ntxoov ntxoo tsis muaj zog txaus, tab sis nws muaj cov cua kub zoo heev thiab lub teeb nrawm, thiab siab ceev.Nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv dyeing nruab nrab thiab lub teeb xim.Hom ntau yam yog:
2. Conjugated cationic dyes
Cov pab pawg neeg them nyiaj zoo ntawm conjugated cationic dye yog txuas ncaj qha mus rau lub kaw lus conjugated ntawm cov xim, thiab cov nqi zoo yog delocalized.Cov xim ntawm hom dye yog ci heev thiab molar absorbance siab, tab sis qee hom muaj lub teeb tsis zoo thiab kub tsis kam.Ntawm cov hom siv, hom conjugated account rau ntau tshaj 90%.Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm conjugated cationic dyes, feem ntau suav nrog triarylmethane, oxazine thiab polymethine qauv.
3. Tshiab cationic dyes
1. Migration cationic dyes
Lub npe hu ua migratory cationic dyes xa mus rau ib chav kawm ntawm cov dyes nrog cov qauv yooj yim, me me molecular hnyav thiab molecular ntim, thiab zoo diffusivity thiab leveling kev ua tau zoo, uas tam sim no tau dhau los ua ib pawg loj ntawm cationic dyes.Nws qhov zoo yog raws li nram no:
Nws muaj kev tsiv teb tsaws zoo thiab qib theem, thiab tsis muaj kev xaiv rau acrylic fibers.Nws tuaj yeem siv rau ntau qib ntawm acrylic fibers thiab daws qhov teeb meem zoo dua ntawm kev dyeing ntawm acrylic fibers.Tus nqi ntawm cov retarder yog me me (los ntawm 2 mus rau 3% mus rau 0.1 mus rau 0.5%), thiab nws tseem tuaj yeem dye ib xim yam tsis ntxiv retarder, yog li kev siv tuaj yeem txo tus nqi dyeing.Nws tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem dyeing thiab txo lub sijhawm dyeing los ntawm (tus thawj 45 mus rau 90 feeb rau 10 mus rau 25 feeb).
2. Cationic dyes rau kev hloov kho:
Txhawm rau hloov mus rau dyeing ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws hloov kho, ib pawg ntawm cationic dyes raug tshuaj xyuas thiab ua ke.Cov qauv hauv qab no yog tsim rau hloov kho polyester fibers.Daj yog feem ntau conjugated methine dyes, liab yog triazole-based lossis thiazole-based azo dyes thiab cais azo dyes, thiab xiav yog thiazole-based azo dyes thiab azo dyes.Oxazine dyes.
3. Disperse cationic dyes:
Txhawm rau hloov mus rau dyeing ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws hloov kho, ib pawg ntawm cationic dyes raug tshuaj xyuas thiab ua ke.Cov qauv hauv qab no yog tsim rau hloov kho polyester fibers.Daj yog feem ntau conjugated methine dyes, liab yog triazole-based lossis thiazole-based azo dyes thiab cais azo dyes, thiab xiav yog thiazole-based azo dyes thiab azo dyes.Oxazine dyes.
4. Reactive cationic dyes:
Reactive cationic dyes yog chav kawm tshiab ntawm cationic dyes.Tom qab cov pab pawg neeg reactive tau nkag mus rau hauv cov xim sib txuas lossis cais cov dye molecule, hom dye no tau muab cov khoom tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov fibers sib xyaw, nws tsis tsuas yog tswj cov xim ci, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem zas ntau yam fibers.
Plaub, cov khoom ntawm cationic dyes
1. Solubility:
Cov ntsev-forming alkyl thiab anionic pawg nyob rau hauv cationic dye molecule tau piav saum toj no los cuam tshuam cov solubility ntawm cov dye.Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias muaj cov anionic compounds nyob rau hauv qhov nruab nrab dyeing, xws li anionic surfactants thiab anionic dyes, lawv kuj yuav ua ke nrog cationic dyes los ua precipitates.Wool / nitrile, polyester / nitrile thiab lwm cov ntaub sib xyaw tsis tuaj yeem dyed nyob rau hauv tib lub da dej nrog cationic dyes thiab acid, reactive thiab disperse dyes, txwv tsis pub los nag yuav tshwm sim.Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nag lossis daus feem ntau yog ntxiv los daws cov teeb meem zoo li no.
2. Sensitivity rau pH:
Feem ntau, cationic dyes ruaj khov nyob rau hauv pH ntau ntawm 2.5 txog 5.5.Thaum pH tus nqi qis, cov amino pawg hauv cov dye molecule yog protonated, thiab cov pab pawg electron-dawb tau hloov mus rau hauv ib pawg electron rho tawm, ua rau cov xim ntawm cov dye hloov;Los nag, discoloration, los yog fading ntawm cov xim tshwm sim.Piv txwv li, oxazine dyes tau hloov mus rau hauv non-cationic dyes nyob rau hauv ib qho nruab nrab alkaline, uas poob lawv affinity rau acrylic fibers thiab tsis tuaj yeem dyed.
3. Compatibility:
Cationic dyes muaj qhov sib txawv loj heev rau acrylic fibers, thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv cov fibers, ua rau nws nyuaj rau qib dye.Cov dyes sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv rau tib lub fiber ntau, thiab lawv qhov sib txawv hauv cov fiber ntau kuj txawv.Thaum cov dyes nrog ntau qhov sib txawv dyeing nqi sib xyaw ua ke, cov xim hloov thiab tsis sib xws dyeing yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm dyeing.Thaum cov dyes nrog cov nqi zoo sib xws yog sib xyaw, lawv cov concentration ratio hauv cov dye da dej yog qhov pib tsis hloov, kom cov xim ntawm cov khoom tseem zoo ib yam thiab cov dyeing yog ntau yam.Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov xim no ua ke yog hu ua compatibility ntawm dyes.
Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev siv, tib neeg siv cov lej muaj txiaj ntsig los qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm dyes, feem ntau qhia raws li tus nqi K.Ib txheej ntawm cov xim daj thiab xiav qauv yog siv, txhua lub teeb yog tsim los ntawm tsib dyes nrog sib txawv dyeing tus nqi, thiab muaj tsib compatibility nqi (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), thiab compatibility tus nqi ntawm cov xim. nrog rau qhov loj tshaj plaws dyeing tus nqi Me, kev tsiv teb tsaws thiab theem ntawm cov dyeing yog cov neeg pluag, thiab cov dyeing nrog ib tug me me dyeing tus nqi muaj ib tug loj compatibility nqi, thiab cov migration thiab levelness ntawm cov dyeing yog zoo dua.Cov dyeing yuav tsum tau kuaj thiab tus qauv dye yog dyed ib tug los ntawm ib tug, thiab ces cov nyhuv dyeing yog soj ntsuam los txiav txim siab compatibility tus nqi ntawm cov dye mus kuaj.
Muaj qee qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus nqi sib xws ntawm dyes thiab lawv cov qauv molecular.Hydrophobic pawg yog nkag mus rau hauv cov xim molecules, cov dej solubility txo qis, affinity ntawm cov dyeing rau fiber ntau nce, dyeing tus nqi nce, compatibility nqi txo, kev tsiv teb tsaws thiab levelness ntawm fiber ntau txo, thiab xim mov nce.Qee pawg nyob rau hauv cov xim molecule ua rau steric teeb meem vim geometric configuration, uas kuj txo cov affinity ntawm cov dye rau fibers thiab ua rau kom tus nqi compatibility.
4. Lightfastness:
Lub teeb ceev ceev ntawm dyes muaj feem xyuam nrog nws cov qauv molecular.Cov pab pawg cationic nyob rau hauv conjugated cationic dye molecule yog ib feem rhiab heev.Nws tau yooj yim qhib los ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm pawg cationic tom qab tau ua los ntawm lub teeb lub zog, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau tag nrho cov chromophore system, ua rau nws raug puas tsuaj thiab ploj mus.Conjugated triarylmethane Lub teeb nrawm ntawm oxazine, polymethine thiab oxazine tsis zoo.Cov pab pawg cationic nyob rau hauv cov cais cationic dye molecule yog sib cais los ntawm lub conjugated system los ntawm cov pab pawg neeg txuas.Txawm hais tias nws tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub teeb lub zog, nws tsis yooj yim rau kev hloov lub zog mus rau lub conjugated system ntawm cov xim, kom nws zoo khaws cia.Lub teeb ceev ceev yog zoo dua li hom conjugated.
5. Kev nyeem ntawv txuas ntxiv: cationic fabrics
Cationic npuag yog 100% polyester ntaub, uas yog woven los ntawm ob yam sib txawv tag nrho-polyester raw cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis muaj hloov polyester fiber.Qhov no hloov polyester fiber ntau thiab zoo tib yam polyester fiber yog xim nrog txawv dyes thiab dyed ob zaug.Xim, ib zaug polyester dyeing, ib zaug cationic dyeing, feem ntau siv cationic yarn nyob rau hauv warp kev taw qhia, thiab zoo tib yam polyester yarn nyob rau hauv lub weft txoj kev.Ob qhov sib txawv dyes yog siv thaum dyeing: zoo tib yam disperse dyes rau polyester yarns, thiab cationic dyes rau cationic yarns (tseem hu ua cationic dyes).Disperse cationic dyes tuaj yeem siv tau), cov nyhuv ntawm daim ntaub yuav muaj ob xim.
Post lub sij hawm: Lub Xya hli ntuj-21-2022